1. Helmet
A helmet in Cricket is generally worn by the batsman to protect his head and face by being hit by the ball. The first ever helmet in Cricket was worn by Graham Yallop in 1978. It was further popularized by Dennis Amiss of England. Since then it went many redevelopments for improved safety especially after the incident that happened with Australia's Phil Hughes in late 2014. Helmet is also worn by fielders standing close to the batsman especially by wicket-keepers.
2. Arm-guards
Arm guard is usually worn on the arms and is used to protect the elbow and the part of the arm that is exposed to the ball. It is worn in only on the hand that is facing the bowler since there are very less chances of the ball hitting the other arm. Most of the batters don't prefer wearing it since it affects their bat swing. Sachin Tendulkar have been open with a view that his arm-guard used to restrict his arms affecting the bat swing due to which he faced it difficult to score his runs and hence he stopped wearing it.
3. Batting Pads
With a purpose similar to that of arm guard the batting pads instead protects the knees and legs of the batter.
4. Thigh pads
A thigh pad as the name suggest protects the thighs of the batter.
5. Batting gloves
Batting gloves are worn by the batsmen on their hands to protect their hands, fingers and their thumbs.
6. Wicket-keeping gloves
Since the wicket keepers generally stand behind the batsmen they don't need extra protection for their fingers and thumbs so they wear gloves that are different as compared to batting gloves. Batting gloves provide flexibility to move the fingers unlike keeping gloves that provide protection to the webbing of the hands.
7. Wicket-Keeping Pads
Traditionally, wicket-keeper used their batting pads while keeping but the modern day wicket-keepers are expected to be more agile which demands more mobility. Since the knee roll flaps of the batting pads used to cause disturbances in the movement of a keeper they started using pads that were not having flaps above the knee.
This is the picture of one of the modern day greats of the game who have dominated the batting charts around the world (Virat Kohli from India). You can see how he is wearing his protective gears even during the practice shows how much important the safety of a player is in the modern days of competitiveness.
Some of the protective gears that are not included in this particular article above are Chest guards, Abdomen guards, etc which may or may not be worn by a player depending upon their needs of safety.
Please note: These protective gears are only used while playing with the hard leather ball made up of wood in professional Cricket and not necessary at all while playing with the rubber/tennis ball in backyards or in traditional Indian gulley Cricket. For such game only a wooden bat(not made of willow) and a ball is enough.
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